FAQ Level 3 Award for First Responders on Scene: Emergency First Responder (RQF) FROS® - Online Blended Part 1
Course Content
- Course Introduction
- Human anatomy and physiology for immediate emergency care
- Assessment of casualties in immediate emergency care
- Complex Scene safety scenario
- Assessing a Major Incident Scene
- DRCA(c)BCDE
- Calling the Emergency Services
- What3Words - location app
- Alternative emergency phone numbers
- Introduction to Initial Patient Care
- Consent to help
- Fears of First Aid
- Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive
- Chain of Survival
- How to use face shields
- Hand Washing
- Waterless hand gels
- Medications and First Aid
- The Ten Second Triage Tool
- Using The Ten Second Triage Tool
- Basic airway management in emergency care
- Respiration and Breathing
- Postural Drainage
- Peak Flow
- Pocket Masks
- Pocket Mask with Oxygen
- Bag Valve Mask Equipment
- Using a BVM
- Respiratory Injuries Part Three
- Respiratory Injuries Part Four
- Choking Statistics
- Choking Recognition
- Adult Choking
- Choking in children
- Infant Choking
- Trauma from Choking
- Vulnerable People and Choking
- Basic life support and external defibrillation
- Adult CPR Introduction
- When to call for assistance
- Cardiac Arrest and CPR Overview
- Adult CPR
- CPR Hand Over
- Compressions Only CPR
- Mouth to Stoma Ventilations
- Cardiac Arrest and Pregnancy
- Paediatric Airway
- Child CPR
- Child CPR Breakdown
- Infant CPR
- Infant Recovery Position
- Cardiac Arrest and the Drowned Patient
- Drowning
- SADS
- Effective CPR
- Improving compressions
- Improving breaths
- AED Introduction
- Types of AED Units
- AED Setup
- How to Use an AED
- Child AED
- AED Maintenance
- AED Pads
- AED Batteries
- AED Troubleshooting
- AED Locations
- Community AED Units
- AED Post Resuscitation Procedures
- CPR Risks
- Advanced Decision and DNR CPR in Basic Life Support
- Recognition and Management of Life Extinct
- Post Resusitation Care
- Real time CPR scenario
- Management of medical conditions
- Asthma
- Asthma Spacers
- When an Asthma inhaler is not available
- Accuhaler®
- Heart Attack
- Warning signs of cardiac arrest and heart attack
- Heart Attack Position
- Aspirin and the Aspod
- Stable angina
- Hypertension
- Pulse Oximetry
- Epilepsy
- Epilepsy treatment
- Meningitis
- Diabetes
- Blood Sugar Testing
- Poisons and Food Poisoning
- Shock
- Near and secondary drowning
- Cold water shock
- Support the emergency care of wounds, bleeding and burns
- The Pulse
- Capillary Refill
- The Healing Process
- Types of Bleed
- Serious Bleeding
- Ambulance Dressings
- Excessive Blood Loss
- Excessive Bleeding Control
- Embedded Objects
- Knife Wounds
- Using trauma dressings
- HaemoCap™ MultiSite
- Amputation Treatment
- Blast Injuries
- Hemostatic Dressing or Tourniquet?
- Air Wrap Dressings
- RapidStop Tourniquet
- CAT Tourniquets
- Improvised Tourniquets
- Tourniquets and Where to Use Them
- What Damage can be Done with Tourniquets
- When Tourniquets Don't Work - Applying a Second
- Hemostatic Dressings
- What is Woundclot?
- Woundclot trauma gauze
- How Does Woundclot Work
- Woundclot and knife crime injuries
- Woundclot and large areas
- Packing a Wound with Celox Z Fold Hemostatic Dressing
- Celox A
- Celox Granules
- Burns and burn kits
- Treating a burn
- Management of injuries
- Prioritising first aid
- Pelvic Injuries
- Spinal Injuries
- Rapid Extrication
- SAM Pelvic Sling
- Box Splints
- Spinal Injury
- Stabilising the spine
- Spinal Recovery Position
- Introduction to Spinal Boards
- The spinal board
- Using the Spinal Board
- The Scoop Stretcher
- Using the scoop stretcher
- Cervical collars
- Vertical C-Spine Immobilisation
- Joint examination
- Adult fractures
- Types of fracture
- Horizontal Slings
- Management of trauma
- Elevated Slings
- Lower limb immobilisation
- Elevation Techniques
- Helmet Removal
- Different Types of Helmets
- The Carry Chair
- Applying Plasters
- Strains and Sprains and the RICE procedure
- Eye Injuries
- Electrical Injuries
- Foreign objects in the eye, ears or nose
- Nose bleeds
- Bites and stings
- Chest Injuries
- Foxseal chest seals
- Abdominal Injuries
- Treating Snake Bites
- Types of head injury and consciousness
- Dislocated Shoulders and Joints
- Other Types of Injury
- Dental Injuries
- Recognition and management of anaphylaxis
- What is Anaphylaxis
- Living with Anaphylaxis
- Minor allergic reactions
- Common causes of allergic reactions
- What is an Auto-Injector?
- Jext®
- EpiPen®
- Emerade®
- Storage and disposal
- Who prescribes auto injectors?
- Checking Auto Injector and Expiry Dates
- Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
- Basic First Aid Advice
- Schools and teachers
- Giving a second dose
- Biphasic Anaphylactic Response
- Administration of oxygen therapy
- What are Medical Gasses
- Oxygen
- When Oxygen is Used
- Contra Indications Of Oxygen
- Hazards of using oxygen
- Hypoxia
- BOC Oxygen Kit
- The BOC Cylinder
- Storage Of Oxygen
- PIN INDEX cylinder
- Oxygen Regulators
- Standard oxygen cylinder
- Transport of Cylinders
- How long does an Oxygen cylinder last?
- Oxygen and Anaphylaxis
- Demand Valves and MTV's
- Non Rebreather Mask
- Nasal Cannula
- Medical gas storage
- Course Summary and your Practical Part
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Get StartedHow to Use an AED
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What we're going to do now is have a look at actually using an AED. Now, we're in a training room scenario here so we're using the mankins, and in the real we work the same but you'd work much quicker. Honestly, I'm breaking this down into individual stages just to make it easier and know exactly what you're doing. First thing we're going to assume, we'll assume we've already walked into the room, we found the person on the floor, we've done the scene safety and obviously, I've got my gloves on. The initial stages we would've been done already. We'd have already introduced ourselves trying to get a reaction out of them, open the airway, found out they're not breathing, and continuing CPR. This is the moment we're taking on from when the AED arrives. So, the first thing we need to do is we need to put the pads on to bare skin. First thing we do here is literally take off clothing just to expose the chest. The reason we do this is because we need to put the pads on to bare skin. Now, we would need to take off any clothing that's there, including bras or any underwear that's on there as well because we must make sure we get contact with clean skin and there's nothing going to be in the way. We're also going to have a visual inspection around to make sure maybe with even at this stage see that there's a pacemaker inserted, which you'd see under the skin here, maybe look for other scarring, which might indicate that the person could've had some heart surgery, something like that. We're also looking for any obvious patches and jewellery. Now, some of the patches have metal in them, and this can in some cases because of a problem. But if not jewellery, if they're wearing a necklace you just pull out the wire and take it off, because we don't want the electricity to be transferred through the necklace and not through the heart. So, we're checking the entire area is clear. Now, in the real world of doing this, especially if there's two of you, one could get the AED ready and the other one could carry on the CPR. It's crucial that we keep the CPR cycle going the whole time. Now, remember, the quicker we get this AED unit on the better. Every minute the chance of survival drops 10%, so if you can get on within four minutes, this person's chance of survival is much better than maybe eight minutes or more when the ambulance turned up. So, we've shown the area's completely clear. For this example, maybe in the real world, someone will be doing CPR, maybe from the other side while I get everything ready. Now the AED unit is sitting up here, it's close to me so I can get access to it. I'm not having to lean over the patient to push the buttons. I can easily see what's going on. Now, what we're doing now is using a training AED. It'll function the same way, but we need to pause it, and we need to run through the cycles. It's the easiest and safest way of demonstrating the skill. So, assuming the person's carrying on with CPR, the first thing we do is turn the AED unit on. Training Scenario. One, adult patient called for medical assistance, remove clothing from patient's chest to expose bare skin. Paused. Why don't I just pause that for a second. Now, you notice the start with, it's saying that we're using adults. Now adults because if we had pediatric pads in there, maybe they've been put in, you'd to tell them, so you'd know that there's a problem with the pads. It's telling you audio what type of pad's in there. Most would always have adult pads in. The other thing it's saying is to expose his chest. We've already done this so it will then carry on. So, we just continue that on. Pull green tab to remove pads. So, you pick the unit as you can see. We're pulling down this tab and we're pulling out the pads. And what's happening now is we're taking the pads out with the wire, place that back down and the pads themselves are on an adhesive backing. They clearly state where they go. So, this one here is just below the collarbone on the left-hand side, and this one's under the arm. So, all we need to do is we take the pads and we can peel them off the backing. So just hold the tab at the back, peel the tab away, lay that one down, and then we can take the pad and just pop it onto the chest, push it down firmly to make sure it stays intact and it's on there properly. The other pads, just peel that off, and with this one, we're popping it underneath the arm. Again, make sure it's firmly in place. Now, with the pads on, then the next stage of it, the unit will often go straight automatically into an analyze cycle. As soon as it picks up that those pads are in place, it's going on to analyze. Now, because we're using in training mode, I need to tell it that we're then working through, analyse is the next stage. Apply pads to patient's bare chest as shown in picture. So, as you're carrying on and you're putting the pads on, it will just keep repeating this message. Once the actual pads are in place, it will come up with a different message. Assessing heart rhythm, do not touch the patient. So, at this stage I need to be away from them, I don't want it to pick up my heart beat at all. We also need to make sure that everyone's clear so we tell everyone to back off, they're not standing anywhere near the patient. Stand clear of patient. Just get ready with your finger, holding it over the button 'because I want to be looking around to make sure no one's there. So, I'm holding over the finger, I'm telling everyone to stand clear, keep clear, delivering shock, and I'm looking at them. Press the orange shock button now. Shock delivered. Begin CPR. So, I'm going to pause that for a second just to explain what's happened. It's done the analyzing cycle, we've delivered the shock, and it's now telling me to commence CPR. So again, exactly as we've shown earlier, keep your hands solid above, and we're pushing directly down onto the chest. And with this unit, it's working slightly different from some others because it'll also give you help, so it's got a metronome to keep you in time, so you're doing 100 to 120 compressions a minute. It's also got electronic sensors that are detecting the speed and the depth of your compressions. So actually, I'm doing the compressions, just push down. Good compressions... Good compressions. Stop CPR. Assessing heart rhythm. Do not touch the patient. Analyzing. Do not touch the patient. Analyzing. No shock advised. Begin CPR. It is safe to touch the patient. Place overlapping hands in middle of chest. So, what we've done, we've delivered the shock to start with. We would have done two minutes of CPR, and what I did there is just continue chest compressions just to make it easier for this demonstration. But obviously, if you can do the breaths as well in which case you're going to need to count to 30, so do 30 compressions, two breaths. But maybe you're dealing with this with somebody else and they're not sure what to do, so continuing with chest compressions are the best one. It then said, "Stop CPR," and then I'm coming away 'because it needs to analyze the heart rhythm. The scenario we got set up here was the No Shock Advice for the next time. So, this would be a time where maybe the first shock has worked and this person may be starting to show signs of life now, or maybe they're no longer in VF, they're in asystole. Therefore, there's no way the unit will work, the shocks would not work properly on it. So, what we do is continue CPR on that stage, until the person shows signs of life. The emergency services take over and when they do arrive, just keep going what you're doing until they tell you to stop. Otherwise, you just keep going this cycle, unless you're on your own, you would carry on until you start to show that you're too tired to continue. But the unit will keep going in this cycle, it will keep giving you the advice you need, and it'll help you. With this unit, if there are any problems with your CPR, it will tell you. So, if we just resume this... So, if there are any problems with your CPR, this unit will tell you. Good compressions. And the minute it's showing good compressions, the bar chart on there is showing green so everything's working fine. If there were other issues like now when it's saying that they need to push faster, the indication would tell you. And also, once you're... Push faster. Going too slow, the unit will tell you to speed up. And when you then get good compressions... Good compressions. The unit tells you that as well. So, it's giving you lots of help with your CPR, whether you're doing fast, going too fast, you're going to deep, the actual unit is telling you that that's the case. So, it's a very good way of giving you real-time CPR help. This is perfect if someone hasn't got that much experience. In this example here, we're looking at complete low experience scenario: We got somebody just turned up, the AED unit's there, they're doing continued chest compressions, they've activated the emergency services, all the things they have to do, but the unit is guiding them through. It's guiding them through their CPR, if they're not good enough, they need to do more, then that's fine. So, these units are extremely simple and they're just perfect for anybody who needs that extra CPR help.
Practical Guide to Using an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)
Initial Steps in AED Usage
This guide assumes initial emergency response actions, like scene safety and wearing gloves, have already been performed. It starts from the point of AED arrival at the emergency scene.
Preparing the Patient
- Ensure the patient's chest is fully exposed to attach the AED pads effectively.
- Remove any obstructive clothing, including undergarments, for clear pad placement.
- Inspect for any medical devices like pacemakers or metal patches that might interfere with the defibrillation process.
- Securely place the AED pads on clean, bare skin.
Operating the AED
- Turn on the AED unit and follow the vocal instructions.
- Adhere the pads to the specified areas on the patient's chest.
- Ensure everyone is clear of the patient before analyzing the rhythm and delivering a shock if advised.
- Continue with CPR as guided by the AED, following the metronome and feedback for effective compressions.
Key Points in AED Usage
- Speed is crucial: Aim to attach the AED within four minutes for a higher survival chance.
- Use visual and auditory prompts from the AED for accurate and effective CPR.
- Continue the process until emergency services arrive and take over.
Conclusion
Using an AED is a critical skill in emergency situations. This guide provides a simplified yet comprehensive approach to effectively operate an AED and perform life-saving actions.
- IPOSi Unit two LO1.5 & 2.4
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